Science has been the foundation for many of the most important technological advancements around the globe. From new treatments for cancer and energy production to computer chip technology. But while innovation is what drives research, business is about making profit and keeping shareholders satisfied. Traditionally, the business and science worlds have been thought of as separate entities. But, they are inextricably linked, and it is impossible to isolate the impact of scientific research http://scorbe.de/what-is-software-piracy/ as well as its impact on business.

While the business world is mostly concerned with making money, its long-term effects can be significant for the environment, social and economic repercussions. Science is likewise concerned with the impacts of its actions in particular its decisions about resource exploitation and sustainability. A shrewd company will, for instance exploit a resource at the level which is sustainable. However, greedy companies have led to the over-exploitation of natural resources and ecological disaster.

We have categorized the different methods corporations employ to influence science at the macro and meso levels, and then coded the intended outcomes and effects of these strategies (TL did the initial analysis, AG second-coded 20 per cent of papers). We found that corporations use five macro-level strategies that work together to minimize the perceived credibility of unfavourable research and increase the credibility of favourable science. These strategies are operationalised through meso-strategies which, over time, skew evidence in favour of the industry. This eventually leads to three distal outcomes-to cast doubt on the potential harms of industry products and practices, promote policies that favor industry, and to maximise the use, consumption, and sales of industry products and services – thereby maximising profits for companies.